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About the Water Project proposal – SODIS Background Unicef and the world Health organization (WHO) estimate that more than 1 billion people around the world are without year round access to safe drinking water. Each year more than 1.5 billion children under the age of 5 years die as a result of water born diseases in developing countries (1). Solar water Disinfection, also known as SODIS (2) is a method of disinfecting water using only by sunlight and plastic PET bottles. It is a cheap and effective method for decentralized water treatment usually applied at the household level and is recommended by the world Health organization (WHO) as a viable method for household water treatment and safe storage (3) SODIS is already applied in numerous developing countries. |
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The WHO states that “NO Single type of intervention has greater overall impact up on the national development and public health than does the provision of safe drinking water. Unsafe drinking water has been a problem in every country in Africa. Even If our water looks absolutely clean and pure, it can contain deadly organisms that can be seen only under a powerful microscope. However, SODIS technology improves the microbiological quality of drinking water, using solar UV-A radiation and temperature to inactivate pathogens causing diarrhea (4). |
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The principles of SODIS Exposure to sunlight has been shown to deactivate diarrhea causing organisms in polluted drinking water. Three effects of solar radiation are believed to contribute to inactivation of pathogenic organisms. 1. UV-A interferes directly with the metabolisms and destroys cell strictures of bacteria. 2. UV-A (wavelength 320-400nm) reacts with oxygen dissolved in the water and produces highly reactive forms of oxygen (oxygen free-radicals and hydrogen peroxide) that are believed to also damage pathogens. 3. Infrared radiation heats the water. If the water temperature rises above 50ºc, the disinfection process is three times faster. At the water temperature of about 30ºc (86ºF) a threshold solar radiation intensity of at least 500 w/m² (all spectral light) is required for about 5 hours for SODIS to be efficient This dose contains energy of 555 wh/m² in the range of UV-A and violet light, 350 - 450nm, corresponding to about 6 hours of mid altitude mid-day summer sunshine. At water temperature higher than 45ºc (113ºF), synergetic effect of UV-radiation and temperature further enhances the disinfection efficiency (3)(4)(5). The Development & its Research The effectiveness of the SODIS was first discovered by professor Aftim Acra at the American University OF Beirut in the early 1980s (3). Substantial follow-up research was conducted by the research groups of Martin Wegelin at the Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic sciences and Technology (EAWAG) and Dr. Kevin Mc Guigan at the Royal College of surgeons in Irland. Clinical control trials were pioneered by professor Ronan Conory of the RCSI team in collaboration with Dr. T. Michael Elmore-Meegan. The project has embarked on multi-country study including study areas in Zimbabwe, RSA and Kenya (4). Note :- Guidelines, suggested treatment schedules and applications available during seminar session. Health Impact :- Diarrhea Reduction It has been shown that SODIS method (and other methods of household water treatment) can very effectively remove pathogenic contamination from the water. However, infectious diseases are also transmitted through other pathways. i.e, due to a general lack of sanitation and hygiene . Imagine, diarrhea alone kills more than 4 million children every year (more than 10,000 per day) most of these deaths could be prevented by interventions such as provision of safe drinking water. Studies on the reduction of diarrhea among SODIS users show that reduction value of 30-80%.(2)(6) |
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References 1. SODIS (http:// WWW. Sodis.ch/ Text 2002 2. MATERIALS: plastic Vs Glass bottles (http://WWW. Sodis.ch/files 3. EMPA-Korrespondenz (http://WWW. Sodis.ch/ files/Report-EMPA pdf. 4. Toxic Risk in bottled water ( 5. http://WWW.rcs.org/publishing/chem science/ vol/2006/02/bottled water.asp. 6. University of Heidelberg- press release (http://WWW.Uni-heidelberg.de/press/niws/ news 06/2601 untime,html 7. Conroy R.M…, Meegan M.E, Joyce T…, Mc Guigan K…, Barnes J. (1999), solar disinfection of water reduces diarrheal disease, an update, Arch Dis child, vol.81 | |||||||||||||||||||||
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Budget 1 * Project Title :- Solar Water Disinfection (SODIS) * Project Area :- Arba Minch, Ethiopia. * Project Period :- 2013 -2015 * Funding Agency :- EAWAG,Sandec * Implementing Org. :- Wargona Zeba Foundation
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USD* = US dollar
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Budget 2 SODS promotion project - program Budget – Arba Minch Town (2013 – 2015)
USD* = US dollar
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SODIS promotion project - Arba Minch, Ethiopia, 2013-2015 Coordination Contact Person : Mr. Temesgen Mengesha Engineer Markos Mehalla P.O.Box: 2102,Arbaminch, Ethiopia P.O.Box: 43252e, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia Cell Phone: +251916130861 Cell Phone:+251 113728524 Cell, Emil: mengeshatemesgen@yahoo.com. Emil: |
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